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Assessment of differential number of leukocytes in automatic analyzer and microscopically
BAMBULOVÁ, Iva
Evaluation of blood count with differential leukocyte budget is a basic haematological test. From a diagnostic point of view is the information about the exact number of leukocytes and their percentage representation in the patient's blood very valuable as well as a range of informations on the effect of disease states. In my bachelor´s thesis I devote to instrumentative and microscopic examination of the differential leukocyte budget and their comparing in terms of difficulty and obtaining the most accurate results. Nowadays, with the development of science and technology are used to determine differential leukocyte budget modern haematological analyzers, but the manual setting by using a microscope remains the basis of good work in haematological laboratory. The goal of each laboratory determination is to produce accurate results for clinical use. The analyzes are mostly automatic and their advantages are faster pace of analysis, accuracy, reliability and need of small volume of sample. The main objective of my thesis is to evaluate the distinction by using two different methods, microscopical and instrumentative. The thesis is traditionally divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretic part of the thesis explains the meaning of the differential leukocyte count, there is a detailed morfology description of different leukocyte types. I mentioned the non-neoplastic and neoplastic changes in the number of leukocytes. Last but not least, there is an overview of laboratory methods that are used for blood counts in routine haematological laboratory. To determine differential leukocyte budget is used optical method, electrical impedance method, cytochemical method or digital morphology. The practical part describes the examination methodology of the differential leukocyte budget, which I have used in this work. I made a blood smear by microscopic assessment, which I dyed according the instructions. Preparates are viewed with oil immersion under a light microscope. To record different leukocyte types are used recording devices - leucomats. I made automatic assessment of differential leukocyte budget in 5 - population haematological analyzer Sysmex XE - 2100 based on the principle of flow cytometry with sample measurements from the feeder closed or open way. Examination of differential leukocyte budgets was realized in biochemical and haematological laboratory synlab czech s.r.o in Czech Budweis. Here I investigated 100 randomly selected patient samples of venous blood under the proffesional supervision and I compared the differential leukocyte budgets and differences between methods. I investigated samples in April and May of 2012. Results obtained by microscopic examination and by measurements on analyzer were statistically compiled into tables and graphs in a computer program. In the graphical representation comparing the differential cell counts in 100 samples of the budget of the analyzer under a microscope. I set the hypothesis that the numbers of microscopic differentials equal to those of the automatic analyzer. Laboratory results were obtained by the measurement and that results were interpreted after consultation with the supervisor. Based on the results, I rejected the hypothesis. Own laboratory investigation showed that classic microscopic assessment has essential importance in the analysis of pathological cells. It also depends on the experience of the laboratory worker. The advantages of the haematologic analyzer are particularly rapid analysis, accuracy and need of small volume of biological sample. During the practical part of the thesis I gained practical skills in working with biological material and I embraced the principles of laboratory methods. The results of my work can be used widely in clinical laboratories in assessing the advantages and disadvantages of relationships between monitored by analytical methods.
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